A radix, or base, defines the set of symbols used to represent numbers. In the familiar decimal system (base‑10) the symbols are 0‑9, while binary (base‑2) uses only 0 and 1. Changing the radix lets computers store and transmit data more efficiently, especially when dealing with low‑level hardware or encoding schemes.
To convert a number from one radix to another we first translate it to an intermediate decimal (base‑10) value. This step uses the positional‑weight formula, where each digit is multiplied by the source base raised to the power of its position index.
Once the decimal equivalent is known, we repeatedly divide by the target base, collecting remainders, to construct the representation in the new radix. The process works for any base between 2 and 36, covering binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, and many custom systems.
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