In Dungeons & Dragons, a character’s core abilities—Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma—are generated by rolling dice. The most common method is to roll four six‑sided dice (4d6), discard the lowest die, and sum the remaining three.
Because each die is independent, the probability distribution of the resulting scores is skewed toward higher numbers, giving players a modest advantage over a pure 3d6 roll. Understanding this distribution helps players anticipate the range of possible modifiers.
Once the six scores are established, each is converted into a modifier using the formula ⌊(score‑10)/2⌋. This modifier influences attack rolls, skill checks, and many other game mechanics.
How do I calculate a D&D character’s ability score?
What is the most common method for generating ability scores in D&D?
Why is 4d6 better than 3d6 for character stats?
Can I use this calculator for non-human characters?
What is the probability of rolling a 16 or higher with 4d6?
How does this calculator help in character creation?
Is there a way to reroll certain dice in the 4d6 method?
Results are for informational purposes only and do not constitute professional advice.