In Warhammer 40,000 the chance to wound an enemy model is determined by comparing the weapon’s Strength to the target’s Toughness. The required roll on a D6 follows a simple table: 2+ if Strength ≥ 2×Toughness, 3+ if Strength > Toughness, 4+ if they are equal, 5+ if Strength < Toughness but >½ Toughness, and 6+ otherwise.
Once the needed roll (denoted *n*) is known, the probability of a successful wound can be expressed mathematically. Because a D6 has six equally likely outcomes, the chance of rolling *n* or higher is (7‑*n*)/6.
The final expected damage also depends on the target’s armor save, any armor‑penetration value of the weapon, and optional invulnerable saves or Feel‑No‑Pain rolls. By chaining these probabilities together you can estimate the average wounds a unit will inflict in a single shooting phase.
How do I calculate the wound probability?
What if Strength is greater than or equal to twice Toughness?
Can you explain how the D6 affects the calculation?
What happens if Strength is less than half Toughness?
How does this calculator help in gameplay?
Can you provide an example calculation?
Is there a way to adjust for cover or other modifiers?
Results are for informational purposes only and do not constitute professional advice.