Micro Hydro Power

ENGINEERING – PUMP & TURBINE CALCULATOR Micro Hydro Power A precise tool.
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What is the Micro Hydro Power & How does it work?

Micro‑hydro systems capture the kinetic energy of flowing water in small streams or canals. The two key physical parameters are the net head (the vertical drop available for power conversion, measured in metres) and the flow rate (the volume of water passing per second, measured in cubic metres per second). Together they define how much mechanical energy can be extracted.

The theoretical power that can be generated is given by the product of head, flow, water density, gravity, and the overall efficiency of the turbine‑generator set. This relationship is expressed in a compact formula, which is the basis for sizing and feasibility studies.

P = eta rho g Q H
P = power (W), eta = turbine‑generator efficiency (decimal), rho = water density (kg/m³, ≈1000), g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²), Q = flow rate (m³/s), H = net head (m)

In practice, site‑specific losses (friction, turbulence, generator heat) reduce the usable efficiency, typically to 50‑80 %. Designers therefore input realistic efficiency values and use the formula to predict the achievable electrical output, guiding decisions on turbine selection and civil works.

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Frequently Asked Questions
What is net head in a micro-hydro system?
Net head is the vertical drop of water available for power conversion, measured in metres.
How does flow rate affect micro-hydro power generation?
Flow rate is the volume of water passing per second, measured in cubic metres per second. Higher flow rates can increase power output.
What factors determine the theoretical power generated by a micro-hydro system?
Theoretical power is determined by the product of head, flow rate, water density, gravity, and overall efficiency.
Can you explain how to calculate the theoretical power output for a micro-hydro system?
Multiply net head (in metres), flow rate (in cubic metres per second), water density (approximately 1000 kg/m³), gravity (9.81 m/s²), and overall efficiency.
What is the significance of water density in micro-hydro power calculations?
Water density, typically around 1000 kg/m³, affects the mass flow rate and thus the power output calculation.
How does gravity impact the power generation in a micro-hydro system?
Gravity (9.81 m/s²) is a constant factor that converts potential energy into kinetic energy, influencing the power generation.
What is overall efficiency in a micro-hydro system and why is it important?
Overall efficiency accounts for losses due to friction, turbine inefficiencies, and other factors. It reduces the theoretical maximum power output to a realistic value.

Results are for informational purposes only and do not constitute professional advice.